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FILM ARCHIVES & THE DEATH OF CINEMA

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³Ì·s¤@´ÁªºThe Moving Image (Volume 6, Number 1, Spring 2006)¤¤¡AArianna Turci¦bThe Use of Digital Restoration within European Film Archives¤@¤å¸Ì¡A°w¹ï¼Ú¬w¹q¼v«O¦s/­×´_§@¤F¤@³s¦êªº­Ó®×¤ÀªR¡C±q¥_¼ÚªâÄõ»P¤¦³Á¡B¤¤³¡ªk°ê©M²üÄõ¨ì«n¼Úªº¸²µå¤ú¡B¸q¤j§Q¥H¤Î¦è¯Z¤ú¡ATurci¿ï©w¤F¤K©Ò¹q¼v¥v®Æ¾÷ºc¡A°w¹ï¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¹ï¹q¼v­×´_»P«O¦sijÃD¡A°µ¤F¤@¨t¦Cªº²`«×³X½Í¡C¤º®e°£¤F¥]§t¹ï¶Ç²Î­×´_»P¼Æ¦ì­×´_(digital restoration)ªº¤ñ¸û¤ÀªR¡BÀu¦HµûÂ_¡F¦P®É¡A¦b·s´CÅé¥æ±µ¤§»Ú¡A¤j®æ§½¦a¡B¥þÆ[¦¡ªº½Í¤Î¬ì§Þ¹ï¹q¼v²£·~ªº½ÄÀ»¡C¦¹¤å¶Kªñªº®i²{¼Ú¬w¦U°ê¥Ø«e¹ï©ó¹q¼v¤å¤Æ¿ò²£ºûÅ@ªººA«×¡A¦b³o¼Ë¤@­Ó¬ì§ÞÅܾE¨³³t¡B¼v¹³¬J¤j¶q¥ÆÀݤS¤j¶q¬y¥¢ªº®É¥N¡A´£¨ÑÆ[²³¤@­Ó¤H¤åµø³¥ªº²`«×¤Ï«ä¾÷·|¡C

Arianna Turci²`«×³X½Íªº¤K©Ò¹q¼v¸ê®ÆÀ]¡A¹B¥Î¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¨Ó¶i¦æ¹q¼v­×´_ªº¤u§@¤~­è°_¨B¡A³°³°ÄòÄò¦Û¤E¹s¦~¥N¤¤«á´Á¦Ü¤µ¡A¤j¦hÄÝ©ó¹êÅç©Ê½èªº§½³¡©Ê¹Á¸Õ¶¥¬q¡A±q­µ®Ä­×´_(sound restoration)¨ì¼v¹³­×´_(image restoration)¡C¦ì©óù°¨ªº¸q¤j§Q°ê®a¹q¼v¸ê®ÆÀ](Cineteca Nazionale)¡A¥u°w¹ï¨º¨Ç¶Ç²Î¤uªk¤£¯à­×´_¦¨¥\ªº³¡¤À¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¨Ó­×´_¡Cªº½T¡A¦b¬J¦³¤èªkµLªkº¡¨¬»Ý¨D®É¡A·s¿³ªº¼Æ¦ì§Þ³N¹y®ÉÅã±o¤À¥~­«­n¡CAlfonso Del Amo, ¦è¯Z¤ú¹q¼v¸ê®ÆÀ](Filmoteca Espanola)ªº­×´_­û, »{¬°¼Æ¦ì­×´_³Ì¥D­nªºªø³B¬O¦b©ó®ÄªGÀu©ó¥ú¤Æ¤èªk(photochemical methods)§ï¶i¥X¨Óªº¼v¹³¡C ¦b¼Ú¬w¥D­n¹q¼v¸ê®ÆÀ]§¡´ÂµÛ¼v¹³ªº¡u½Æ¦X­×´_¡v(hybrid restoration)µo®i¤§»Ú¡A¥L­Ì­±Á{¦@¦P³Ì¤jªº§xÃø¬O¸êª÷¤Wªºµu²Ò¡C¨ä¤¤¤S¥H³B©ó«n¼Úªº¦è¯Z¤ú»P¸²µå¤ú¸g¶O¤£¨¬³Ì¬°ÄY­«¡A°£¤F¸²µå¤ú¹q¼v¸ê®ÆÀ](Cinemateca Portuguesa)¥Ø«eê©ó°]°È±ø¥ó¡A¥u¯à¶i¦æ¼Æ¦ì­µ®Ä­×´_¡F Alfonso Del Amo§ó¬O¥Î¡u¦Û±þ¡v(suicidal situation)¨Ó´y­z¦è¯Z¤ú³vº¥¨Ì¿à¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ«o¤S­WµL¸êª÷ªº§x¹Ò¡A¥L«ÈÆ[ªº«ü¥X¡G¨ã¦³¤å¤Æ»ù­È¡B¦ý¤£¨ã¸gÀٮįqªºªø´Á­×´_¤uµ{¤£·|¬O¶Ç´C¤u·~ªºµo®i¥Ø¼Ð¡A¼t°Ó¤£·|¦³¤Ó¤j¿³½ìªø´Á§ë¤J¸êª÷¥[¥H¤ä´©¡C ¾ãÅé¦Ó¨¥¡ATurci«ü¥X¡GÁa¨Ï¼Æ¦ì­×´_¦b¥_¼Ú¸û¬°«n¼Ú´¶¹Mµo®i(¼Æ¦ì¹êÅç¬ùµo®i¤F¤»¦~)¡A¥Ø«e¤´µMÁÙ¥¼¦³¥H¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¬°±`ºA°ò¦ªº¥v®ÆÀ˵ø¤èªk¡C

¬ì§Þ¤§©ó¹q¼v¤u·~©l²×¬OÁ|¨¬»´­«¡A¼Æ¦ì¤Æªºµo®i¹ï©ó¹q¼v¥v®Æªº«O¦s¦b¤Þ°_¼sªxª§Ä³°Q½×ªº¦P®É¡A½T¹ê¬O¼vÅT¤F¾ã­Ó²£·~ªº«¬ºA¡C¦Û1998¦~°_¡A²üÄõ¹q¼v³Õª«À](Nederlands Filmmuseum)´N¿n·¥ªºµo®i¼v¤ù­×´_ªº¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¹êÅç¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ì»{¬°´Nªø»·ªº²´¥ú¨Ó¬Ý¡AµwºÐ¨Ã¤£¥i¾a¡F¦Ó·í¹q¼v»s§@Âର¼Æ¦ì§Î¦¡®É¡A«O¦s»P­×´_¤]·|§¹¥þªº§ïÆ[¡C¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¤£¦ý¦b½s¿èÂsÄý¤W©ö©ó¨Ï¥Î¡A¤]ÁקK¤F¼v¹³¦b®É¥N»¼éQ¤§»Ú¬y¥¢¡C µM¦Ó¡A¤¦³Á¹q¼v¥v®Æ®w(Danish Film Archive)À]ªøThomas Christensen«ü¥X¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¨Ã«D¬OºØ¡u«O¦s¡vªº´C¤¶¡F¥¦¥u¬OºØ¡u­×´_¡vªº´C¤¶¡C¥Ø«e¡A¥þ²y¹ï©ó¹q¼v¤å¤Æ¿ò²£¨Ã¨S¦³ªø»·§»Æ[ªº«O¦s­pµe¡A¨S¦³­þ¤@ºØ¼Æ¦ì®æ¦¡©P¥þí©w¨ì¨¬¥H¦¨¬°¹q¼v¦s®w¡A¬ì§Þ¦A«ç»òµo¹F¡A¹ê»Ú¤W«o¨Ã¨S¦³´£¨Ñ¤@­Óí©wªº°ò¦¨Ó¤ä´©«O¦s¹q¼vªº»Ý¨D¡C¬ì§Þªºµo®i¼ç¤O»P¨ä¤£Ã­©w©Ê¡A¹ï¹q¼v¤å¤Æ³y¦¨¤F¥¨¤j½ÄÀ»¡C ®Ú¾ÚTurciªº¤å³¹Åã¥Ü¡A¼Ú¬w´¶¹Mªº¹q¼v¸ê®Æ«O¦s/­×´_¤H­û»{¬°¡A¼Æ¦ì¤Æµo®i¨ú¥N¶Ç²Î¤è¦¡ªº¬ì§Þ¼é¬y¬O¿ð¦­¥²µM·|µo¥Íªº¡AChristensen¼Ö·N¨£¨ì«O¦s¹q¼vªº¶Ç²Î¤èªk¯à°÷Ä~Äòºû«ù¤U¥h¡A¦ý³o¼Ëªº±¡ªp¤]¥u¯à³»¦h¦A©µÄò¤Q¦~¡A¼Æ¦ì¤uµ{¥u­n¤@»°¤W´N·|°¨¤W§ïÅܤ@¤Á¡C­±¹ï³oªÑ¥i¹w¨£ªº§Ö³tÅÜ°Ê¥¼¨Ó¡ADavide Pozzi¡Aªi¶©¯Ç¹q¼v¸ê®ÆÀ](Cineteca di Bologna)ªº­×´_­û¡A«hªÃ«ùµÛ¶}©ñ¼ÖÆ[ªººA«×¡A»{¬°À³¸Ó­n¨ã¦³ªø»·«ù¤[ªº²´¥ú¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦ì¤u¨ã¡A³oºØªø»·ªº²´¥ú¡A¥]¬A¤F¹ï©ó­Û²zijÃD¡B¤å¤Æ¼h­±ªº±´¨s¡C

³o¤@§å¬°¹q¼v¤å¤Æ¿ò²£°^Ämªº¤H¦³µÛ¦@¦P¥Ø¼Ð¡G¡uºÉ¥i¯àªº«O¯d¹q¼v¡v¡A¥H¨¾¤î¼v¹³¤j¶qªº¬y¥¢¡C¦b¬ì§Þ§Ö³t¤j¶q½ÄÀ»²£·~«¬ºA¤§»Ú¡A¹q¼v¤§¦º¡G¾ú¥v¡B¤å¤Æ°O¾Ð»P¼Æ¦ì¶Â·t®É¥N(The Death of Cinema: History, Cultural Memory and the Digital Dark Age)ªº§@ªÌ«Où.Á¨ä.¯Q¶ë(Paolo Cherchi Usai)´£¥X¤F¹q¼v¤§¦ºªº¤H¤åµø¨¤¡A¨Ó»¡©ú¼v¹³¤j¶q¬y¥¢ªº¥@¬É©Ê¦M¾÷¡A»{¬°¤HÃþªÀ·|¤¤µLªk«í¤[¦s¦bªº´C§÷¡AµL½×¦A«ç»ò¶OºÉ¤ß¤O¡A¦³¤@¤Ñ²×¨s·|®ø¥¢¡F¦P®É¡A¥L²M·¡ªº¹º¤À¶}¤F¡u«O¦s¡v¡B¡u­×´_¡v¨â­Ó¤£¦Pªº¨â­Ó·§©À¡C¬ì§Þµo®i»P²^¨O¬O¤@¼Ë§Ö³tªº¡G¯dÁn¾÷¥Í¦s¤F¥b­Ó¥@¬ö¡B¶Â½¦°Û¤ùºû«ù¤F¤T¤Q¦~¡BCD¥úºÐ¤ù¤G¤Q¦~¤£¨ì´N§Ä§Ä¥i¦M¡B¦ÓLD¾èªá¤@²{¤]´X¥G¥ß¨è¦¨¬°©ú¤é¶Àªá¡A¬ì§Þ¶Õ¥²¬°¥Í¬¡±a¨Ó¼sªxªº½ÄÀ»¡A¦ý»~¥Î¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¡A¤~·|¹ï¤å¤Æ¿ò²£³y¦¨µL¥i®¾¦^ªº«Â¯Ù¡C«Où»{¬°¹q¼v¤å¤Æ»Ý­nªº¬O¥þ­±©Êªº¡u«O¦s¡v¡B¦Ó«D¨C¨C²_¬°¸gÀÙ°Ó·~¦Ò¶qªº¡u­×´_¡v¡A·í¤@³¡¼v¤ù¦b¸g¾ú¡u­×´_¡v³o­Ó¨S¦³§¹¦¨²×ÂI¡B¤£ª¾¶i¦æ¨ì¤°»òµ{«×¤~ºâ¦³·N¸q¡B³Ì«á²_¬°°Ó·~§Q¯q¤§¤U¡u¸g¨å¤ù´_­ì¡v°g«äªº¹Lµ{®É¡A¦P¤@®É¶¡¤§¤º¤w¸g¦³¤E¤Q¤E³¡¼v¤ù¦]¬°Àô¹Ò¼é·Ã°ª·Åµ¥¤£¨}¦]¯À¦Ó¾D¹J¤F¨³³t·lÃaªº¨aÃø¡C¦b·m±Ï¤å¤Æ¿ò²£ªº«e´£¤U¡A«Où´£¥X¤F¦b©¿µø¨ä¥L¼v¤ùªº¥Í¦º¡A¥u¬°¤Fºû«ù¤F¤Ö¼Æ¤ù¤lªºµu¼È¹Ø©R¡A¬O¨S¦³·N¸qªº¡C¼Ú¬w¹q¼v¸ê®Æ«O¦s/­×´_¬É´¶¹M·NÃѨì¶Ç²Î²×¨s³Q¬ì§Þ¨ú¥N¡A¦Ó»ô¨B´Â¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¬ì§Þµo®iÁÚ¶i¡A¦b¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¬ì§Þ¦b©ó¥Í¬¡¤¤¤£Â_«Ø¥ßªºÅQÅv¤§»Ú¡A«Où¥ø¹Ï«O¦s¨Ãµo®i¤@ºØ¾ú¥vÆ[¡A¹ï¤HÃþ¤å¤Æ¿ò²£§@¤F¤@¦¸§Î¤W¾Çªº¥Ã«í­õ¾Ç«ä¦Ò¡C

 
   
 
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