±b¸¹¡G
±K½X¡G
 
1 ¥@·s¤j¾Ç¼s¹q¨t14th ²¦·~»s§@ µR§Q¤u§@«Ç ¸Û¼xºt­û  
2 [¼xºt­û]¡° ¦Êº»-­«·s½ü°j§Aªº¼v¹³»î ¡°  
3 ¤¸´¼¸ê¶Ç²¦»s(¨IÀqªº¯Q¦«¨¹)¼xºt­û  
4 <°­¸ñ>´M§ä¨kºt­û²Ä¤Tµo...µ´¹ï¥G§A·R¨ì¥dºG¦º  
5 ¡u4¤ë3¶g¤S2¤Ñ¡vÃز¼¬¡°Ê±M¥Î¥DÃD ¡£67¡¤
6 ¡u¤Ú¾¤¤p±¡ºq¡vÃز¼¬¡°Ê±M¥Î¥DÃD ¡£73¡¤
7 ¥xÃÀ¤j¹q¼v©Ò¾Éºt¤èªk½Ò¡D¸Û¼xºt­û  
8 µu¤ù¡m¥C¤ñ¯S¤k«Ä¡n²Ä¤Gªi¼x¨¤ (·s¼W¨¤¦â¼Æ¦W)  
9 ¾Ç¥Í»s¤ù²¦»s§@«~[Ãä¹Ò]¼xºt­û  
10 ¡i¼x¤H¡j¥xÃÀ¤j¹q¼v©Ò ¿Ë¤l¤ù¡u¤W¾Ç¡v¸Û¼xºt­û  
 
 
·j´M
   
 
 

¹q¼v¬ã¨sªº·s¼é¬y¡G¹q¼v»P­õ¾Ç¡AÆ[¬Ý»P«ä

¤å / ³¯¥­¯E

ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A·U¨Ó·U¦hªº¹q¼v¬ã¨s¶}©l¶É¦V©ó­õ¾Ç-¹q¼vªº±´°Q¡F³Ì¬°­«­nªº²z½×¸ê·½¨Ó¦Û©ó¼w°Ç¯÷(Deleuz)ªº¨â¥»µÛ§@¡G¡m¹B°Ê-¼v¹³¡n(The Movement-Image)¡A¥H¤Î¡m®É¶¡-¼v¹³¡n(The Time-Image)¡C¼w°Ç¯÷´©¤Þ¶i¦Óµo´§¤F¬f®æ´ËÃö©ó®É¶¡¡B¡u®É©µ¡v(duration)¡B©Mª¾Ä±ªº­õ¾Ç°Q½×¡A¶}±Ò¤F¹q¼v»P­õ¾Ç¬ã¨sªº¥ýªe¡C°ê¤º¤w¦³¦¹¤G¥»¸g¨åµÛ§@ªº¤¤Ä¶¥»¡C°£¤F¼w°Ç¯÷¥D­n±q¡u®É¶¡¡vªº¨¤«×¥h¬Ý¹q¼v¤§¥~¡A¥t¥~¤@¤ä¬ã¨sªÌ«h±Mª`©ó¡uªÅ¶¡¡v°ÝÃD¡A¤×¨ä¬OÂǧU©ó­õ¾Ç®a±ö¬¥Ãe¸¦(Merleau Ponty)ªº²{¶H¾Ç¨Ó°Q½×¨­Å骺ijÃD¡C°ê¤º¥Ø«e¦³¤@¥»¦Ûªk¤å½Ķªº½²©ú«G¹q¼v¬ã¨s±M着¡A§Y¬O¥H­õ¾Ç¨¤«×¥h«ä¦Ò½²©ú«G¹q¼v¤¤»P¨­Å馳ÃöªºÄ³ÃD¡F¦Ó¾ÇªÌÅǨô­x¤]©ó¤é«e¥Xª©¤F¤@¥»±´°Q±ö¬¥Ãe«Ò­õ¾ÇªºµÛ§@¡m¨­Å鳡¸p¢w±ö¬¥Ãe¸¦»P²{¶H¾Ç¤§«á¡n¡A¥ç¬O³ò¶µÛ¨­ÅéijÃD¦Ó®i¶}²Ó¿°¥B¥iŪ©Ê°ªªº°Q½×¡C°£¤F¡u®É¶¡-·NÃѤ§¬y¡v¡B¡uªÅ¶¡-¨­Åé¡v¦¹¤G¤jijÃD¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³¤@ªù·U¯q±M·~¤Æ»PÁ}²`ªº²z½×¨ú®|¢wºë¯«¤ÀªR¡F¦¹¤@¨ú®|¤£¦A¥u¬O¦¹«e©Ò¬y¦æªº¥HFreudªº¥ì©³©¬´µ±¡µ²¼Ò«¬¡B¨Ó¸ÑŪ¹q¼vªº±¡¸`¡A¦Ó¬O¸g¥Ñ§ó¬°Á}²`ªºLacan¡BZizek¡B¥H¤ÎSpivakµ¥²z½×®a¡A§M®É¶¡(¾ú¥v)»PªÅ¶¡(¦ì¸m)©ó¤@Äl¡A²`¤J¦a°l¨s¤F¡uµøı©Ê¡v(visuality)¡B¥DÅ骺§Îºc¡B¥H¤ÎÆ[¬Ý¦ì¸mµ¥µ¥¥æ¿ùªºÄ³ÃD¡C

¥»´Á©ñ¬M¶g³øªº¹q¼v¬ã¨s³æ¤¸¡A¤¶²Ð¤@­Ó­È±o±ÀÂ˪º½u¤W¹q¼v¬ã¨sªººô¯¸¡GFilm-Philosophy¡CÅU¦W«ä¸q¡A¦¹ºô¯¸§Y¬O¥H­õ¾Çªº¨¤«×¥hÆ[¬Ý¡B¥h«ä¦Ò¹q¼v¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤ñ¸û¯S§Oªº¬O¡A¦¹ºô¯¸ªº¤å³¹¦h¥bÄÝ©ó¡u®Ñµû¡v¡A¹ï©óªñ¦~¨Ó±q­õ¾Ç¬Ý¹q¼vªºµÛ§@¶i¦æ¤F²`¤J¿¦±Kªº¤¶²Ð©Mµû½×¡C¹ï©ó¯Ê¥F¤Fªk°ê¨º¼Ë±q°ª¤¤®É´Á´N¶}©l­õ¾Ç½Òµ{°V½m¡B¦]¦Ó¶Õ¥²¯Ê¤Ö¨¬°÷­õ¾Ç°ò¦ªº¥xÆW¾Ç¤l¦Ó¨¥¡A¥H­õ¾Ç¨Ó¶i¦æ¹q¼v¬ã´N¡AÃø§KÅã±o¤Q¤À¦Y¤O(¦pªG­õ¾Ç©³¤l¤£°÷¡B¤S«ç»ò¯à°÷­É§U­õ¾Çµø¨¤¨Ó¬Ý¹q¼v©O?)¡B¬Æ¦Üª¼ÂI³B³B¡CFilm-Philosophy³o­Óºô¯¸´£¨Ñ¤F¤@¨t¦C²`¤J§¹¾ãªº®Ñµû¡A¦b§Ú­Ì²õ¼²¦a¡Bļ¶i¦a¥h¾\Ūª¥¤â¥i¼öªº¼wªk­õ¾Ç­ì¨å¤§«e¡A¥ý¦æ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@¨Ç¹w³Æª¾ÃÑ¡B©M¦³¥Îªº«ü¤Þ©Î¾ÉŪ¡G¹³¬O­õ¾Ç«ä¼éªº¾ú¥v¯ßµ¸©Î»y¹Ò¡B¯S©w­õ¾Ç®a«ä¦Ò¤è¦¡ªº½ü¹ø¡B¦¹­õ¾Ç®a©Ò±ý¹ï¸Üªº­õ¾Ç¶Ç²Î¬°¦ó¡B¥H¤Î¦³­þ¨Ç¾ÇªÌ¼g¹L¤@¨Ç²`¤J²L¥X¡B§ó©öŪ¥i¿Ë¡B¤]§ó®e©ö²z¸Ñªº¤Jªù¾ÉŪ¡C¤]³\¡A³o¦b§Ú­Ì¦]¬°µJ¼{¦Ó¨M¤ß±q¬f©Ô¹Ï¶}©l­«·sª¦®Þ¡B¸ò¤W¾ã­Ó¨´¤µ¬°¤î¦è¬v­õ¾Ç¥v¡B¦P®É¼ô±x­õ¾Ç®aªº¬Y¨Ç¯S©w»y·J¥H¤Î³o¨Ç³N»y©Ò±Mªù«ü¯Aªº¯S©w·N¸q¤§«e¡A¦³¤@­ÓÅCÃÜ©M¤T«äªºªÅ¶¡©M¾l¦a¡C­õ¾Ç»P¹q¼vÀ³¸Ó¦p¦ó¥æ¿ù? ÁÙ¬O¹³¤å¾Ç»P¹q¼v¯ë¡B±q¬f©Ô¹Ï¶}©l´N©l²×³B©óºò±iª¬ºA? ­õ¾Ç²z½×©Î¤å¥»«ç»ò¡u¤Þ¥Î¡v? ­õ¾Ç¬O§_¥u¬O¤@ºØ«ä¦Ò¤è¦¡¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥i¥H³Q¤Þ¥Îªºidea? ¥H¤Î¡A¡u«ä¦Òªº¤è¦¡¡v©M¡u¬Ýªº¤è¦¡¡v¦³¦ó¤£¦P?

2006¦~²Ä¤Q¨÷²Ä¤G¸¹ªºFilm-Philosophy¡A±MÃD¤D¬O»EµJ©ó¡u·í¤µªº¼Ú³°¹q¼v­õ¾Ç¡v(Continental Film Philosophy Today)¡C¥»´Á¶g³ø¿ï¾Ü¤F¨ä¤¤¤G½g½×¤å¡A¥[¥HºK­n¦P®É¥[¥H¸mºÃ¡B´£°Ý¡A§Æ±æŪªÌ¯à°÷«ä¯Á¤@¨ÇÃö©ó¹q¼v»P­õ¾Ç¤§¬ã¨sªº«e´£©Î°ò¥»°ÝÃD¡C

¤@¡B¯u¹ê»Pµêºc

²Ä¤@½g­n¤¶²Ðªº¬ORobert Sinnerbrinkªº¤å³¹¡GCinema and Its Shadow¡A³o¬O¤@½g®Ñµû¡A¹ï¶H¬OMario PerniolaªºµÛ§@Art and Its Shadow¡C·í¤µ¼Ú³°¾ÇªÌ¯É¯ÉÂà¦V¤F¬ã¨s­õ¾Ç»P¹q¼v¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¨ã¦³¥Nªíªº¥]¬A¤F¤Ú­}¯Q(Alain Badiou)ªº¡mHandbook of Inaesthetics¡n¡B¬x®u­C(Jacques Ranciere)ªº ¡mThe Politics of Aesthetics¡n¡B¥H¤Î¥v´£®æ¼Ö(Bernard Stiegler)ªº ¡mTechnics and Time¡n¡C(¦¹´ÁFilm-Philosoph¥ç¦³¾ÇªÌPatrick Croganªº¤@½gÃö©óStieglaerªº®Ñµû¡C)¦Ó¥»½g¤å³¹§Y°w¹ï¤FMario Perniola©Ò½sÄ¡ªº¤@¥»¥Nªí©Ê¿ï¶°¡m·í¥N­õ¾Ç»PÃÀ³N¡n¥[¥Hµû½×¡C³o¥»¿ï¶°Ån¬A¤F³\¦hijÃD¡G½Ñ¦p®t²§¬ü¾Ç(aesthetics of difference)¡B¦w­}¨U²ü»P«á²{¥N¥D¸q¡BÆ[©ÀÃÀ³N¥H¤Îsituationist artµ¥µ¥¡A¤¤¤ßªº°l°Ý¬O¡G¦b«á²{¥N¥D¸q¤§«á¡AÃÀ³NÁٯవ¨Ç¤°»ò?

¦¹¿ï¶°¤¤Perniolaªº¤@½g¤å³¹¡mÁÚ¦V­õ¾Ç¹q¼v¡n(Toward a Philosophical Cinema)¡A¸Õ¹Ï¦^µª¤F³o­Ó¤¤¤ß°l°Ý¡CPerniola»{¬°¡A«á²{¥N¥D¸q¤§«áªºÃÀ³N¤´µM¯à°÷¾Ö¦³¾Ô°«¤O¡A¥u­n¥¦³B¦b¥D¬yªº¬ü¾Ç®Ø¬[(¼É¤Oªº¼g¹ê¥D¸q¡B¥H¤Î©_Æ[¥D¸q)ªº¡u³±¼v¡v(shadow)¤§¤¤¡CPerniola¤ÀªR¤F·Å¼w´µªº¡m¨½´µ¥»¬G¨Æ¡n¥H¤Î¼w·ç§J¸ë°Òªº³Ì«á¤@³¡¤]¬O¦Û¶Ç©Ê§@«~¡mÂÅ¡n¡A°Q½×¤F¹q¼v¥»¨­§@¬°¤@ºØ¿W¥ßÃÀ³Nªº¦ì¸m°ÝÃD¡A¥H¤Î¬ö¿ý¤ù¹ï·í«e¹q¼v©Ò´£¥X¨Óªº­õ¾Ç¬D¾Ô¡A¶i¦Ó°Q½×·í¤µ¹ï§Ü±Ô¨Æ¹q¼v¤¤¥D¬yÃþ«¬¤ùªº¦P½è¤Æ(homogenizing)¶É¦Vªº¥i¯à©Ê¡C

Perniola«ü¥X¡Gªø¤[¥H¨Ó¦è¤èÃÀ³NÁ`¬OµÛ°g©óªí­±(appearance)©M¯u¹ê(reality)¤§¶¡ªº¹ï¥ß¡F¦Ó·í¤µªºÃÀ³N­õ¾Ç«ä¦Ò¤]¤À¦¨¦¹¤G¥D­n¸ô®|¶i¦æ¡G¤@¤è­±¬O¹ï©óÀÀ¹³¦¡©Î©_Æ[¦¡¼v¹³ªº³Ü±m¡B¥H¤Î¹ï©ó´C¤¶ªº§Y®É©Ê(immediancy)ªºªÖ©w¡F¥t¤@¤è­±«h¬O¹ï©óªø¤[¥H¨Ó³Q©¿µø©Îª[µøªº¨õ½â¨­Åé¡B¥H¤ÎÃö©óµh­W¡B¨üÃø¡B¼É¤O¡B¦º¤`µ¥Ä³ÃD¶i¦æ­«·s«ä¦Ò¡C«eªÌªº¥Nªí¬°¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¥H¤Î¼Æ¦ìÃÀ³N¡A¦Ó«áªÌªº¥Nªí«h¬°¨­ÅéÃÀ³N¥H¤ÎªíºtÃÀ³N¡C

Perniola»{¬°§Ú­Ì¥²¶·¨«¥X±d¼w-¶Â®æº¸ªº¬ü¾Ç©M»y·J¡A­«·s´M§ä¥t¥~¤@®MÆ[©À©M»y¨¥¥h´y­z·í¤µªºÃÀ³N´ºªp¡C©Ô©£ªººë¯«¤ÀªR¡B¼w³Õ(Debord)ªº¤Ï¬ü¾Ç(anti aesthetics)¡B¥H¤ÎùÄõ¤Ú¯Sªºpara-aesthetics¡A¤D¬Oerniola»{¬°¦³¥Îªº²z½×¸ê·½¡C¥u¦³¦p¦¹¡A¤~¨¬¥H³B²z¥H¤U³o¨ÇijÃDªº¹J¦X(coincidence)¡G¼É¤O(violence)¡B©_Æ[(spectacle)¡B¼g¹ê¥D¸q(realism)¡B´C¤¶·¾³q(communication)µ¥µ¥¢w¦Ó³o¨Ç­õ¾ÇijÃD¤]¥¿¦n³£¦b¹q¼v¨­¤W¶×¦X¤F

¡mÁÚ¦V­õ¾Ç¹q¼v¡n³o½g¤å³¹ªº¤¤¤ß´£°Ý¬O¡G¤@³¡¹q¼v¬O§_¯à°÷¬O¡B©ÎªÌ¬O§_¯à°÷¦¨¬°¤@³¡¥þµMªº­õ¾Ç§@«~¡H³o­Ó´£°Ý­~²§©ó¦¹«eªº¹q¼v¬ü¾Ç¬ã¨s¡C¹q¼v¤§©Ò¥H»P­õ¾Ç¦³±K¤ÁÃöÁpªº­ì¦]¦b©ó¥¦¯A¤Î¤F²{¹ê(reality)¥H¤Î¥¦ªº¦A»s(reproduction)¡B¹q¼v´C¤¶ªº»{ª¾¼ç¯à(cognitive potentiality)¡B©â¶HÆ[©Àªº¦A²{¡B¥H¤Î¹q¼v¦³§U©óÆ[²³¥h»{ÃѤH­Ìªº±¡·P¡B¦æ¬°¡B¥H¤Î¸gÅç¡C³o¨Ç³£¬O¹q¼v»P­õ¾Ç±K¤Á¬ÛÃöªºÄ³ÃD¡A¦ý¤]³£¬O¼Ú³°­õ¾Ç¦b1960s-1970s¤§¶¡©Ò©¿²¤ªº«ä¦Ò¤è¦V¡C

Perniola¤§©Ò¥H¤ÀªR¤F·Å¼w´µªº¡m¨½´µ¥»¬G¨Æ¡n¥H¤Î¼w·ç§J¸ë°Òªº§@«~¡mÂÅ¡n¡A¤D¬O¦]¬°³o¨â³¡§@«~¤¤³Ð·sªº°O¿ý¤ù§Î¦¡¡CPerniola»{¬°¡A­nÁÚ¦V­õ¾Ç»P¹q¼v¤§¬ã¨sªº¥XµoÂI¡A´N¦b©ó¬ö¿ý¤ùªº¬ã¨s¡C¹ï©ó¬ö¿ý¤ùªº¬ã¨s¡A¤~¯à¾É¤Þ¦Ü¹ï©ó¯u¹ê»Pµêºc¤§¶¡ªº­õ¾Ç«ä¦Ò¢w¬ö¿ý¤ù¤D¬O±Ô¨Æ¹q¼vªº³±¼v(shadow)¡CµM¦Ó¡A®Ñµû¤H¨S¦³¥þµMªÖ©w¡A¥L´£¿ô§Ú­Ì¡A¤£¯à¦]¦¹©¿²¤¤F¼@±¡¹q¼v¥i¯à¾Ö¦³ªº­õ¾Ç¦V«×¡C

¦b¡m¨½´µ¥»ªº¬G¨Æ¡n¤¤·Å¼w´µ¥H³Ð·sªº¤è¦¡µ²¦X¤F±Ô¨Æ¡B¬ö¹ê¡B¸Ö·N(poetic)¡B¥H¤Î¤Ï«ä©Ê(reflective)µ¥¼v¹³¡A±N¹q¼v»P¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü´C¤¶½Ñ¦p¹qµø¿ý¼v±a¼s§iµ¥µ¥¥[¥H³sµ²¡A¥h½è°Ý¹q¼v¥»¨­§@¬°¤@ºØ¿W¥ßÃÀ³N§Î¦¡ªº¦Xªk©Ê¡F¤×¨ä¡A¦b·í¤µ³o¼Ë¤@­Ó¦U¦¡¼v¹³§Ö³t¼W¥Í¥R¥¸»PÅF¬µªº®É¥N¡A­È¦¹¼v¹³¹¡©Mªº¦~¥N¡A¹q¼v¼v¹³¤£±o¤£Åã±o­ä±Í¨S¸¨¡C¥¿¦p¥»¶®©ú¡m¾÷±ñ½Æ»s®É¥NªºÃÀ³N¡n¤@¤å¤¤©Ò´£¤ÎªºÆF¥ú®ø³u¡A¤µ¤é¥Ñ©ó´X¥G¨C­Ó¤H³£¯à»s³y©M½Æ»s¼v¹³¡A«o¤]¥Í²£¥X¤j¶qªº©U§£¼v¹³(garbage image)¡A¾B½ª¤FÆ[²³°Ï¿ë¡BÅå³ß¡B¥H¤ÎÆg½à¼v¹³ªº¯à¤O¡C¡m¨½´µ¥»ªº¬G¨Æ¡n¥Ü½d¤F¤@ºØ´î¤Ö¤F¥DÆ[¤H¬°¤¶¤Jªº§@«~¡AÅýÄá¼v¾÷¦Û¦æ±N¼v¹³»Pª«Åé²Î¾ã°_¨Ó¥[¥H§e²{¡C(®Ñµû¤H¤]±ÀÂˤF¥i¥H»P·Å¼w´µ¨Ã¸mÆ[¬Ýªº¹q¼v¡GPatrick Keillerªº¨â³¡¬ö¿ý¤ù¡ALondon (1994)¥H¤ÎRobinson in Space (1997)¡C¡m¨½´µ¥»ªº¬G¨Æ¡n¤¤¡AÄá¼v¾÷¦³¦pº©¹CªÌ¡AÁקK¤F¦]¼@±¡»Ý­n¦Ó¥h®Ø¨ú¡B¾®»E¡B¾ã¦X¡B«Ê³¬°_¨Óªº±Ô¨Æ¡A¦Ó¶É¦V¤@ºØ¶}©ñ¦¡ªº¬ü¾Ç(aesthetics of openness)¡AÅý¾÷¹J¡B°O¾Ð¡B»P³õ©ÒÀH¾÷¦a¬Û¹J(coincidence)¡C¦Ó·Å¼w´µªº¸Ö·N¥H¤Î­µ¼Öªº¨Ï¥Î¡A¤]Åý¹q¼vªº­õ¾Ç¼h¦¸±o¥H¥YÅãPerniola»{¬°¡A·Å¼w´µ¥H¡ufictional documentary¡vªº¤è¦¡¥h¦A²{«°¥«¨½´µ¥»¡A¡u¥H¤@ºØ¦ü¥G¹q¼v¥v¨Ã¤£¦s¦bªº¤è¦¡¥h§e²{¼v¹³¡v¡A§e²{¤F¡uspectacular realism¡v»P¡ureflective appearance¡v¤§¶¡ªº¹ï¤ñ¡C

µM¦Ó¡A¥¿¦]¬°¦¹®É§Ú­Ì³B©ó§Þ³Nµo¹F¦Ó¤j¶q»s³y¥ÆÀݼv¹³ªº¦~¥N¡A¼v¹³¤~»P¬Fªv¦³¤F±K¤ÁªºÃö³s¡C¨º»ò¡A¬ö¿ý¤ùªº¼g¹ê¯à¤O¡A¦p¦ó¦b¬ö¹êªº¦P®É¡B¥h§ïÅÜ¥¦©Ò®·®»¨ìªº²{¹ê?¼w·ç§J¸ë°Òªº³Ì«á¤@³¡¤]¬O¦Û¶Ç©Ê§@«~¡mÂÅ¡n¡A¤D¬O¤@³¡¨S¦³¼v¹³(±qÀY¦Ü§À¥u¦³¤@¤ù§JµÜ¦]ÂŦâKleinian Blueªº«Ì¹õ)¡B¥u¦³Án­µªº¹q¼v¡A°O¿ý¤F¸ë°Ò¦Û¤v¹ï©ó¹D¼w¡B©Ê¨ú¦V¡B¥H¤Î¹q¼vÃÀ³Nªº«ä¦Ò¡C¦¹¤ù©IÀ³¤F¸ë°Ò¦Û¤v³vº¥¥¢¥hªºµø¤O¥H¤Î´c¤Æ¤¤ªº°·±d¡CPerniola»{¬°³o¬O¤@³¡³Ì¬°¯Âºéªº¬ö¿ý¤ùÅý¥Í©R»P¹q¼v¡B¯e¯f»PÃÀ³N»{¦P°_¨Ó¡C»P·Å¼w´µ¨ººØ¾¨¶q°£¥h¤H¬°¤z¯A¡BÅýÄá¼v¾÷¦Û¦æ¦A²{¥X¨Óªº¯u¹ê(authentic)¤£¦P¡A¸ë°Ò¥Ü½d¤F¤@³¡°ª«×­Ó¤H¥H¤Î¥DÆ[ªº§@«~¦p¦ó¹F¦Ü¤@ºØ¯u¬Û®ÄªG(truth-effect )¡A¤£¦ý¥h°£¤F¼v¹³¡A¦Ó±j½Õ¤FÃC¦âªº½è·P¡B°O¾Ðªº²Ó·L­µ¦â¡B¥H¤Î­µ¼Öªºªí²{©Ê¨Ï¥Î¡C¦b¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì»P¦º¤`¡B³Ì²×ªº¼É¤O¡B¥H¤Î¾_Åå®ÄªG(shock effect)¬Û¹J¡C

¤G¡BÆ[²³»P¿Ã¹õ¤§¶¡ªº®É¶¡¡BªÅ¶¡¡B»Pºë¯«¤ÀªR

Maria Walsh¦W¬°Against Fetishism: The Moving Quiescence of Life 24 Frames a Second ªº®Ñµû¡A«h¬O°w¹ï Laura Mulveyªº·s§@ Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image¶i¦æ¤F²`¤Jªº½×ªR¡CMulvey·s§@ªº®Ñ¦W´NÂI¥X¤F¡uÀRª«¹Ï¤ù¡v»P¡u¬¡°Ê¼v¹³¡v¨â­ÓºIµM¤£¦Pªº´C¤¶¡C¬¡°Ê¼v¹³(moving picture)¨ä¹ê¬O¤@ºØ¤Ûı¡A¨ä°Ê¯à¨Ó¦Û©ó¹q¼v©ñ¬M¾÷¨îªº¤H¤u®ÄªG¡C¦Ó«e½Ã¹q¼v(avant-garde)«h¼ö¤¤©ó¥´¯}³oºØ¼v¹³»P±Ô¨Æªº¡u³sÄò©Ê¡v»P¡u¬¡°Ê©Ê¡v¡A¥HÅX´²¤Ûı¡B¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ¡C«e½Ã¹q¼v³q±`¥H´¡¤J¤å¦r¡B°±®æ¡B¦b©³¤ù¤W¨í¼gµ¥§Þ³N¡A¨Ó¬ðÅã¤F¬¡°Êvs.ÀR¤î¡B±Ô¨Ævs.¤Ï/«D±Ô¨Æ¡B¼v¹³¤Ûı/¤Ûı»s§@¹Lµ{¤¤ªºª«½è©Êµ¥µ¥¤@¨t¦C¹ï¥ß¡C¦Ó¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ¤§¿³°_¡A«hÅý¦¹§Ç¦Cªº¹ï¥ß§ó¥[ÅãµÛ¡CµL½×¬O¹q¼v»s§@¹Lµ{©ÎªÌ¬OÆ[¼v¹Lµ{(®a®x¼@°|¤¤ªº§ë¼v³]³Æ¡B¥ô·N¼È°±¡B¦A¥Í¡B°jÂ઺«K§Q©Ê)¡A¨Ï±o¡ucinema of moments¡vÅܦ¨¤F¡udelayed cinema¡v¡A¦Ónow-ness¤]Âà´«¦¨¤Fthen-ness¡C

Mulvey¦b®Ñ¤¤°µ¤F¤@­Ó°Ï¤À¡GÄá¼v¡X¹q¼v¥v«e¥v(pre-history in photography)¡A¥H¤Î¼Æ¦ì¡X«á¹q¼v(post-cinema in digital)¡F«áªÌ¦V«eªÌ¨ú§÷©Î¦^À³¡A´N¹³¹q¼vªº¹B§@¾÷¨î§â¬¡°Êªº¥Í©R®ð®§½á¤©¤FÀR¤îªº¦º±Iªº¬Û¤ù¡A¦Ó¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ«h¬O­«·s¨Ï¹q¼v¦A¥Í(¦Ó«D²×µ²)¡CMulvey¦A¦¸´©¤Þ¤FFreudªºuncanny·§©À¡A»¡©ú¤Fµøı´r®®ªº­I«á©Î®Ú¬k¡A¨ä¹ê¬O¦º¤`©Î¥²¦º©Ê(mortality)¡C¾Ú¦¹¡AMulvey¤]­«·s³sµ²¤FÅ]³N®v±ö¨½¸­ªº¤Û¶H¹q¼v©M¿c¦Ì®J¥S§Ìªº¼g¹ê¥D¸q¡A»{¬°¤GªÌ¨Ã«D¹ï¥ß¤£¬Û®e¡C

MulveyÁÙ°Q½×¤F¤Ú¯S(Barthe)ªº¤å³¹¡¨This Was Now¡¨¥H¤Î¤ÚÃÙ(Bazin)ªº¡¨Time Embalmed¡¨¡C¤ÚÃÙ»{¬°¡A¹q¼vÅý¡u¹L¥h¡vªº¬Y¤@®É¶¡¦b¡u¦¹¨è¡v­«²{(­«·s¦b³õ)¡C¦Ó¤Ú¯S«h»{¬°Äá¼vªºÅ]¤O¦b©óReturn of the Dead(¦ºªÌªº´_¬¡»P­«Á{)¡C¤Ú¯S¤£³ßÅw¹q¼v¡A¦]¬°¥¦±j¥[©óÆ[²³ªº®É¶¡¬y°Ê¡AµLªkÅýÆ[ªÌ¦Û¦æ´x´¤®É¶¡ªº¬Y¤@¨è¥H¤Î¬Y¤@¯S©w¼v¹³¡C¦Ó¬Û¤ùªºÀR¤î¡A¥¿¬O¤Ú¯SªºÅʪ«´r®®ªº¥D­n¨Ó·½¡C¦Ó¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ©ñ¬M³]³Æ¡A«oÅý¦b®aªºÆ[²³¡A¯à°÷­«·sÀò±o¦¹¤@Åʪ«»P´x±±ªº§Ö¼Ö¡C

¥¿¬O³oºØ¼Æ¦ì§Þ³Nªºµo®i¡AÅýMulveyÆ[¹î¨ì¤FspectatorshipªºÂàÅÜ¡CMulvey³Ì¦³¦Wªº½×¤å¡mµøı´r®®»P±Ô¨Æ¹q¼v¡n¤¤¹ïÅʪ«(¶¾¥vµn³ù)»P°½¿s(§Æ°Ï¦Ò§J)¥[¥H§åµû¡F«eªÌ¤D¹ï¤@ÀR¤î¼v¹³ªº°gÅÊ¡A«áªÌ«h¬O¦b®É¶¡/±Ô¨Æ¤§¤¤¶i¦æSMªº¹Lµ{¡C¤GªÌ³£»P¡uìI³ÎµJ¼{¡v¥H¤Î¡u´x±±¡v(control)¦³Ãö¡CµM¦Ó¡A Mulvey¦b¤å¥½»{¬°¦¹¤@¼Æ¦ì®É¥NªºÅʪ««o¬O¨ã¦³¬Fªv¼ç¯à¡G¯à°÷©è§Ü¹L¥hªº®ø³u(ÂǥѭËÂà­«¼½)¥H¤Î©è§Ü±Ô¨Æ®É¶¡¤§¬yªº¾É¤Þ´x±±(ÂǥѼȰ±)¡C

µM¦Ó¡A®Ñµû¤H«o¨Ã¤£³o»ò¼ÖÆ[¡C ÁöµM¥¦¦³¤@ºØ¥Á¥Dºë¯«¡A¦ý«o®ø°£¤F¹q¼vªº¥»½è¡X¹B°Ê(movement)¡C¬°¤F¤ÀªR©M¸àÄÀ¦Ó§â¹q¼vÁY´î¦¨¤@®æ®æªºÀR¤î¼v¹³¤D¬O¥j¨å¹q¼v²z½×ªº¯Ê¾Ñ¤§£¸¡CMulvey¦¹®Ñªº¥D¦®¡A¤D¬O­n­«·s½T¥ßÆ[²³ªºÅʪ«(fetishistic spectatorship)¡CMulvey»{¬°¡A¼Æ¦ì®É¥N¤¤¡AÆ[²³ªºÅʪ«(fetishistic spectatorship)¤D¬O¤@ºØ¤k©Ê¤Æ(feminized)¡G¨Ï±oÆ[²³±o¥H­«·s´x±±¤FÆ[¼v¹Lµ{¤¤¹ï©óÀR¤î¼v¹³ªººI¨ú©M±±¨î¡A¦]¦¹ÅýÆ[²³±o¥H¹ï§Ü±Ô¨Æ(narrative)¤¤±j¨î¤§¬yªº¤÷Åv¾÷¨î¡C®Ñµû¤H»{¬°¡A¦­¦b1980s¡A´N¦³¾ÇªÌ¸Õ¹Ï§ï¼gFreud¡A±NÅʪ«­«·sÂà¤Æ¦¨¬°¤k©Ê´r®®©M¤k©Êªº¯à°Ê©Ê¡F¦]¦¹¡AMulveyªº½×ÂI¨Ã¤£·s¿o¡C

®Ñµû¤H¶i¤@¨B§åµû¡AMulvey¦p¤µ¤D¬O¥H¤@ºØÅʪ«´x±±¥h¨ú¥N¥ý«eªº¥t¥~¤@ºØ¡CMulveyÁöµM¸Õ¹Ïµ²¦Xª«½è¤å¤Æªº¤ÀªR(¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ)¥H¤Î·NÃÑ«¬ºA§åµû(Åʪ«)¡A¦ý¬O©TµÛ¦b¡uÅʪ«¡v¦¹¤@µü·J¤W¡A¥Ñ©ó¥¦¤w¸g©Ó¸ü¤F¹L¦h½×­z©M¥ß³õ¡A¥H¦Ü©óÃø¥H¶}©Ý§ó¼e¼sªº§å§P¥i¯à¡AµLªk¬Ý¥X¼Æ¦ì¬ì§Þ©Ò±a¨Óªº§ó¦hÅܤƩM®ÄªG¡C¦¹¥~¡A®Ñµû¤H«ü¥X¡A¤Ú¯Sªº¨ëÂI(punctum)Æ[©À¡A¨ä¹ê¬O¤@ºØ¡uoff-screen¡v¡G¦ü¥G¦³¤°»ò¼ç¥ñ©ó¨ä«á¦Ó¤£Åý§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨£¡C¦Ó¨ëÂI§Ï©»Å§À»¤FÆ[ªÌ¡AÅýÆ[ªÌ¥¢¥h¤F¥Lªº¥DÅé¦ì¸m¡A¦Ó³Q±a¦Ü§Oªº¦a¤è¡C¦ÓMulvey¥HÀR¤î¼v¹³¨Ó½áÅv(empower)µ¹Æ[²³¬O¤£°÷¦³»¡ªA¤Oªº¡CÆ[ªÌ¤]«Ü¥i¯à¡u¨S¤J¡v(immersed)¤F¼v¹³¤§¤¤¡A¦Ó«DÆ[ªÌ¥i¥HµL®ÉµL¨è¾Ö¦³¦Û¥Ñ´x±±¤§¥D°Ê¯à¤O¡CÁa¨ÏMulvey±Ä¥Î¤Fºë¯«¤ÀªRªº½×­z©Mµü·J¡A¦ý¦o«o©¿²¤¤F¡u¼ç·NÃÑ¡v¡FÆ[²³»P¹q¼v¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¬O½ÆÂøªºÃø¥H¹w´úªº¡A¼Æ¦ì§Þ³N¤£¥u¤©¤H´x±±ªº¯à¤O¡A¦P®É¤]¥i¯à¤Ï¹L¨Ó§]¾½¤F¤Hªº¥D°Ê©Ê¡CÆ[²³¸g¥Ñ¼È°±¼v®æ¦ÓÀò±oªº´x±±/¬I­h¡A¤]«Ü®e©öÂàÅܦ¨¨ü­h¡C

¦¹¥~¡A¤£¥u¼v¹³¦³ÀR¤î»P¬y°Êªº¤À§O¡AÆ[²³¤]¦³ÀR¤î©M¬y°Ê¡C¦]¦¹³o¤£³æ³æ¥u¬O¹q¼v¤º®e©Î¤å¥»ªº°ÝÃD¡A¤]²o¯A¨ì¤F¨S¦³³Q¹w¥ý¼g¤J©Î»Ê¨è(inscribed)¦b¹q¼v¤§¤¤ªº¡B¤]´N¬O¦s¦b©ó²{¹ê¥@¬É¤¤ªºÆ[²³¦ì¸m¥H¤Î¥Lªº¬¡°Ê(¢w¦Ó³o¤]³\»Ý­n²Ï¹êªº¡uÆ[²³¬ã¨s¡v¨Ó¥[¥H±´¯Á¤F)¡C¬Æ¦Ü¡A°±®æ(freeze frame)¤]¤£¥NªíÀR¤î(still)¡A
¥¿¦p¤Ú¯S©Ò¨¥¡A¤@±i¬Û¤ù¤£¦ý¤Þ¨Ó¤F¹L¥h¡A¤]©¹¥¼¨Ó©µ¦ù¬y°Ê¡CÆ[ªÌªºÆ[¬Ý°Ê§@°_¤F¤@ºØ¬¡¤Æ(animation)ªº§@¥Î¡GµL½×§Ú­ÌÆ[¬Ýªº¬O°±®æ©ÎªÌ¬¡°Ê¼v¹³¡A§Ú­ÌÁ`¬O¤£Â_¦a¦b«Øºc¤§¤¤¡B±N¥¦»P¨ä¥Lªº¼v¹³¡B»P¹L¥h¡B»P¾ú¥v¡B»P¥¼¨Ó¡B»P±ý±æÆF¬¡¦a¬Û¤¬³s·Q¡C

Film-Philosophyªººô§}¡G http://www.film-philosophy.com/

 
   
 
«e©¹¬¡°Êºô¯¸
 
Simply the Best: ¤¤¥¡¤j¾Ç­^¤å¨t
¼vÃÀ¾Ç­b
¤¤¬M¹q¼v¤½¥q

yesasia
¦æ¬F°|·s»D§½
Ãö©ó©ñ¬M    ¼x½Z±Ò¨Æ    «ÈªA«H½c
ª©Åv«Å§i  Áô¨pÅvÁn©ú  ¥Zµn°T®§
1217¥|¤ë¤T¶g¤S¨â¤Ñ¾î¦¡
 
320 ¤¤Ãc¥«¤¤¤j¸ô300¸¹  °ê¥ß¤¤¥¡¤j¾Ç ¹q¼v¤å¤Æ¬ã¨s«Ç   Æ[¬Ý³X«È²Î­p³øªí
°ê¥ß¤¤¥¡¤j¾Ç¼Æ¦ì¤º®e¤¤¤ß ª©Åv©Ò¦³ Copyright ©Digital Content Center at NCU 2006 All Rights Reserved