|
Brand-Name Literature: Film Adaptation and Selznick International Pictures' REBECCA (1940)
¤å / ªLÅA¦p
Brand-Name Literature: Film Adaptation and Selznick International Pictures' REBECCA (1940) ¬OKyle Dawson Edwardµoªí©óCinema Journal (2006¦~45¥U²Ä3´Á¡A¶32-58¡^ªº¤@½g¤ÀªR§ï½s¹q¼vªº¤å³¹¡CEdward¥H¬ü°ê1930s-40s³Ì¬°¦¨¥\ªº»s¤ù¤½¥qSelznick International Picture¡]²ºÙ¡uSIP¡v, 1935¡ã1940¡^¬°¨Ò¡A°w¹ï¨ä©Òµo¦æªº¨â³¡¥ý«áÀò±o¶ø´µ¥d³Ì¨Î¼v¤ùªº¡m¶Ã¥@¨Î¤H¡n(Gone with the Wind, 1939)»P¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n(Rebecca, 1940)§@¾ãÅé»s¤ùµ¦²¤ªº±´°Q¡C
Edward«ü¥X¡GÁa¨Ï¦³¶W¹L¤T¤À¤§¤@ªº¦nµÜ¶õ¥j¨å®É´Á(Classical Hollywood Era, 1915¡ã1960s)¹q¼v¤D·½¦Û©ó¤å¾Ç¤p»¡¡AÂA¤Ö¦³¤H¥h¬ã¨s¹q¼v»s¤ù¤½¥q§ï½s¹q¼vªºµ¦²¤¡F¦Ó¯S©w¹q¼v¤½¥qªº§ï½s¤âªk»P¹q¼v¦¨«~¤§¶¡ªºÃö³s§ó¬OµL¤H°Ý¬z¡C¶×¾ã¤F¼w¦{¤j¾Ç¶ø´µ¥Å¤À®Õªº¤åÄm¸ê®ÆDavid O. Selznick Collection¡AEdwardÂê©wSIP¡BÃöª`©ó¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n»s§@ªº§¹¾ã¬yµ{¡G±q¤å¥»¤ÀªR¡B½s¼g¼@¥»¡B»s¤ù¹Lµ{¡B¦æ¾Pµ¦²¤¡B®ø¶OÆ[ÂIµ¥¡A´`§Çº¥¶i¤ÀªR¡u«~µP§Î¶H¡v(Brand)ªº«Ø¥ß¡B©âµ·éõªºÀ˵ø¤FSIP©Ò³Ð³y²³®a¬ÒĹªº¹q¼v²±ªp¡C
º¥ý¡AEdward«ü¥X¡GSIP¦b³Ì¦³§Qªº®É¶¡¥¿½T¿ï¾Ü¤F¾A·íªº¤å¥»¡Ð1983¦~^°ê§@®aDame Daphne du Maurier (1907¡ã1989) ©ÒµÛ§@ªººZ¾P¤p»¡¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n(Rebecca)¡F¥¦ªº¦X©y¤§³B¦b©ó¤å¥»®e©ö§e²{©ó¤j¿Ã¹õ¤W¡B¨Ã¥B©ö©ó±À¼s¦Ü¤j²³¬y¦æ¤å¤Æ¤§¤¤¡C³oºØ¶}©ñ®e¯Ç¡u¦@¦Pªº¾\Ū¡v(a corporate reading)ªºÆ[ÂI«P¨Ï»s¤ù¸s¦bÄw¹ºµo¦æ¤§»Ú¡A¦P®É¶·¥ý§êºtŪªÌªº¸}¦â¡Aµ¦²¤©Ê¦a¥h®ø¶O¤w¸g¦s¦bªº¤å¥»¡A¦Ó«áºë¤ß»s³y¥Xµøı¤Wªº§ï½s¦¨«~¡C¥j¨å®É´Áªº¹q¼v¦h¬°¹Î¶¤¡B¦Ó«D¥ÑÓ§Oªº¾Éºt©Î½s¼@¥D¾É¡AEdward«ü¥X1920¦~¥N©Òµo®i¥X¨Ó¡B»P¨î«×§ï¦¨Åé¨î§Ü¿Åªº§@ªÌ½×(Auteur Theory)¦h¥bµLªk¥R¤À¸ÑÄÀ¹q¼vªº²VÂø¡B¹Î¶¤¦X§@¥»½è¡F¦]¬°³æ±q¾ÉºtÓ¤H»P¤å¥»ªº¼h±¤Á¤J¡A·|¯¶¤Æ¤FI«á¹q¼v¤u·~¡B°Ó·~¹B§@¡B»P´CÅé¯S½èªº¾ãÅé¯ßµ¸¡A¦Ó½ÆÂø¦h¤¸ªºI´º«o¬O´£¨Ñ¹q¼v¥¬}¤Ì(Pierre Bourdieu)©Ò»¡¡A²£¥Í¡u¶H¼x¸ê¥»¡v(symbolic capital)ªº¡u³õ°ì¡v(field)¡A¦]¦¹¡A¬ã¨sªÌ¤£©y§â¹q¼vµø¬°¤@Ó²³æªº¿W¥ß¹êÅé¡A¦Ó¥²¥²¶·§â§ï½s¹q¼vµø¬°¤@ӥѤå¾Ç¡B¹q¼v¡BªÀ·|¤å¤Æ¯ßµ¸µ¥±¦V¤¬¬Û¿ùÂøªº¤@Ó³õ°ì¡B¥H¼sÁ諸µø³¥¨Ó¶i¦æ¸àÄÀ¡C
SIP¿n·¥¤j¶q¦a²Ö¿n¡u¶H¼x¸ê¥»¡v¨Ó¾d©T±j¤Æ¦Û¤vªº¨¥÷¡B¥H³Ð³y¥X·®æÂA©úªº¡u«~µP¡v¡F¦¹¤@¡u«~µP·§©À¡v (brand concept)¤£¥u¬O¾®»E¦b²£«~¤§¤W¡A¤Ï¦Ó§ó¶H¼x©Ê¦a¤Ï¬M¦b²³¦h¾P¸ôªºµ¦²¤¦Ò¶q¤§¤¤¡C¥Ñ¦¹¡AÆ[²³¥Ñ©ó±µ¨ü¤FSIP¹q¼vªº¦æ¾Pµ¦²¤ªº¨ë¿E¡A²£¥Í¤F¤@ºØ¥~¦b©ó©Î¦h¹L©ó¹q¼v¡B¦Ó»P¥Í¬¡«¬ºAlife style¦³©ÒÃöÁpªº·P¨ü¡ASIP¤]ÂǦ¹§JªA¥«³õªº¤¤¤¶©Î¹j½¤¡A¦Ó¯à°÷ª½±µ»PÆ[²³·¾³q¡C¡u«~µP¡vªº½T¥ß¤£¦ý¥i¥H¨Ï³°Äò²£«~³°Äò¥X«~ªº¹q¼v²Ö¿n¼WÈ¡A¤]¦]¿W¾ð¤@®æªº¯S¦â¦Ó¨Ï¤§±o¥H±q²³¦hÄvª§¹ï¤â¤¤²æ¿o¦Ó¥X¡F°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A«~µP§Î¶HªºÃ©w¦³¯q©ó»s¤ù¤½¥q»P¥~¬É¤§¶¡ªº¨}¦nÃö«Y¡C¥HUniversal Pictureªº®£©Æ¹q¼v¨t¦C¡m§l¦å°¡n(Dracula, 1931)¡B¡m¬ì¾Ç©Ç¤H¡n(Frankenstein, 1931)¡B¡m²ö®æµó¿Ñ±þ®×¡n(The Murders in the Rue Morgue, 1932)µ¥¬°¨Ò¡A¿W¨ìªº¹q¼v¬ü¾Ç·®æ¡B¥«³õ¦æ¾P¹ê½î¡B¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¹q¼v¸gÅç¶×¶°¦¨¤@ºØ¨ã¦³«ü¼Ð©Êªº²£«~¡A°ïÅ|¥XUniversal Pictureªºµ½©ó»s§@Å宪¤ùªº±M·~§Î¶H¡C¥Ñ©óSIP¯Ê¥F««ª½¨t²Î¡BµLªk¤@¤â¥]¿ì»s§@¨ìµo¦æªº§¹¾ã¹Lµ{¡Aµo¤ù»P¤W¬M³£¥²¶·¥æ¥ÑÀ¸°|¾Þ§@ªº¿W¥ß»s¤ù¤½¥q¡A«~µP§Î¶HªºÃ©w´NÅܦ¨¤F¸gÀ禨±Ñªºµ´¹ïÃöÁän¯À¡A¤]¦]¦¹¥«³õ¦æ¾PÁ`µ¦²¤»P´CÅé°Ó·~¾ã¦Xªº³Ð·N©Ê»P¸gÀٮįq¤]´N¶V¬°¨ä©Ò«µø¡C¨Ò¦p¡GSIPµ²¦X¤F¡m¶Ã¥@¨Î¤H¡nªº¹q¼v¸gÅç¡A¿n·¥µ²¦X®É©|°é¡AÂX¤j¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n°Ó«~½uªº¥«³õµo®i¡F¥t¥~¡ASIP¦¨¥\ªº±N¤ù¤¤±q¥¼²{¨ªº¯«¯µ¨¤¦âRebecca§Î¶Hªº¶}©ñ©Ê§ë®g¤J°Ó«~¤å¤Æ¡A¨ë¿E¤F®ø¶OªÀ·|¡AÅý¨CÓÆ[²³¡B¯S§O¬O¤k©ÊÆ[²³¡A¹ïÁY¼g¡uR.¡v¾Ö¦³µL·Q¹³ªÅ¶¡»P´Á¬ß¡C
©ÓÄò¤F1939¦~¡m¶Ã¥@¨Î¤H¡n©Ò¥´¤U¨ÓªºÀu½è¤f¸O¡A¹j¦~¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n¦b¸g¶O¤j¤jÁY´î¡B¸gÀٮįq«o¬Û¹ï´£°ªªº«e´£¤§¤U¡A²¼©Ð«oµ·²@¤£¨È©ó«eªÌ¡C³Ì«nªº¬O¡A¦b¹q¼v¥»¨´N¤w¸g¨ã³Æ¤F¬Û·í§l¤Þ¤Hªº±ø¥ó¤§¥~¡A¥Ñ©ó«áªÌ¶×¶°¡BÁßÆC¤F«eªÌ©Ò²Ö¿nªºSIP¡u«~µP¡v²±¦W»P¥ú±m¡A¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡nÅã±o¶V¯qÄ£²´¡CEdward¦b¤å³¹¸Ì«ü¥X¡A¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n»Ý»P¡m¶Ã¥@¨Î¤H¡n¦P®É¨Ã¸m¸ÑŪ¡A¨â³¡¹q¼v¬Û¤¬²o³s§@¥Î¤@¦P¥´³y¥XSIPªº¦¨¥\«~µP§Î¶H¡C¦¹¥~¡A¨â³¡ìµÛ¤p»¡¦³µÛ©úÅ㪺¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡ADaphne du Maurierªº¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n(Rebecca, 1938)»PMargaret Munnerlyn Mitchell ªº¡mÄÆ¡n(Gone With the Wind, 1936)¤p»¡¥»¨¦b·í®É´N¤w¬OªÅ«eºZ¾P®Ñ¡A¼s¤jªºÅªªÌ¦¨¬°¨ã³Æ¼ç¤OªºÆ[²³¡ASIP³z¹L½Õ¬d¡B¤ÀªRŪªÌ±Ú¸sªº¼Æ¶q¥H¤Î¯S¦â¡A¦³®Ä²v¦a¥B¥Ø¼Ð©ú½T¦a¨Ì¦¹¥«½Õ¼Ð·Ç»s§@¡B«Å¶Ç¡F¦AªÌ¡A¼@±¡°ò¥»¬[ºc§¡¥H·R±¡¬°¥D¶b¡A¦A»P¤jÀô¹ÒI´º¥æ´¦b¤@°_¡A¨ä¤¤¬Ò¦³¤k¥D¨¤¬°¥Í¦s¦Ó¾Ä°«ªº¦å²\¬G¨Æ¡A¦¹¤@¤¸¯À¦¨¬°§l¤Þ¤k©ÊÆ[²³ªºÃöÁä¡Fº¸«á¡A¹q¼v¤¤ªº³õ´º¦w±Æ»PªA¹¢³]pµ¥¡A³£¦¨¬°SIPªº¬ü¾Ç°Ó¼Ð¡C ¹ï©ó¸g¶O¹wºâªº´x±±¡A»s¤ùDavid O. Selznick¥H¶ì³y¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n«~µP§Î¶H¬°ì«h¡A¶i¦æµ¦²¤©Êªº¤À°t¡Cº¥ý¡ASelznickÀ£¤U¶W¤äªºªA¸Ë¶O¡A¨Ã±q¦P®É¥¿¦b¶i¦æ»s§@ªº¡m¶Ã¥@¨Î¤H¡n´M¨D¤ä´©¢w¦bµL·l¸g¨å§Î¶Hªº«e´£¤U¡A¬Ù¤U¤F¤@¤jµ§¥Î©ó»R·|¡B§ªA¡B®aѪº¤ä¥X¡F¬Û¹ïªº¡ASelznick«o¦b¤ù§À³Ì«á¤@³õµI«ÎªºÀ¸«h¬O§ë¤J¤F¤j¶q¸êª÷¡F¦bìµÛ¤p»¡¶È¥H¡u»·¤èªº¬õ¥ú¡v(flames in the distance)¨Ó¥æ¥N¤j¤õ¡AÄá¼v¾÷ÃèÀY«h¬O¹d²ÓÃû¿òªº®i²{¤F¨aÃø²{³õ¡G±q¤kºÞ®a¦b¤õ¦Þ¶Ã«¤§¤¤³Q§]¾½¡BµL©Ò¤£¦bªºÁY¼gRºCºC¦b¤õ¿V¸Ì³QµI·´¡B¥H¤Î¾ã®y«Ø¿vªº±YˡЫ²{¤F¡m¶Ã¥@¨Î¤H¡n¸Ìªº¾Ô¤õ©_Æ[(spectacle)¡F³o´N¬OSIPªºµù¥U°Ó¼Ð¡ASelznickn±aµ¹Æ[²³ªº¬Oµ´¹ï¿W¤@µL¤Gªº·P©x¾_¾Ù(sensational stunt )»P«~µP®ø¶OÅéÅç¡C
»s¤ùDavid O. Selznick Selznick»{¬°¡A§ï½s¹q¼v©Ò¦A¥Í²£ªº¤p»¡¡A¥²¶·«O¦³ì¥ý¬G¨Æµ²ºc¡B¤]nÝÅU¬Û¹ï¦¸nªº¡B¯à°÷¾É¤Þ¥XÂA©ú·N¶Hªº¤p²Ó¸`¡C¦b¤@«Ê±Hµ¹§Æ°Ï¦Ò§Jªº¤å¥ó¤¤¡A¥L¥D±i¡G§ï½s¹q¼v¥u¯à¦³°ò©óªø«×¨îªº¡u§R¸`¡v(omission)¡A¦Ó¤£¯à¦³¥i¯à¿E«ãŪªÌ/Æ[²³ªº¡u´À´«¡v(substitutions)¡Ð©¾©óìµÛ§Y¬°³Ì°ªì«h¡CµM¦Ó¡A¡m½¹½º¹Ú¡n¤ù§À¼@±¡ªº×§ï¡A©µÄò¤F¡m¶Ã¥@¨Î¤H¡nªºª¾¦W³õ´º¡A¥B±µ¦X¤F¡uSIP¡v³o¤@Ó¥«³õ±µ¨ü«×°ªªº¡u«~µP¡v§Î¶H¡C¹ï©óÆ[²³¡ASIP¤£¯d¾l¤Oªº´£¨Ñºë±mªºµøı®ø¶O¼v¹³¡F¹ïÄvª§ªÌ¡ASIP³z¹L¤j³W¼Ò»s§@°ª»ù¤å¥»µ¹¼s¤jÆ[²³¸s¨Ó±j¤Æ¦Û¤v²£«~ªºµ´¹ï¿W¯S©Ê¡F¹ïµo¦æ°Ó»PÀ¸°|¡ASIPªº²£«~µ´¹ï¨S¦³¯à»P¤§¨Ã¾r»ôÅXªº¹ï¤â¡C
|
|